The course participants shall be comfortable with the basic concepts of a public telecommunications network, with its separate functions of transmission and switching, and shall be aware of the context for the growth of broadband traffic. No specific prior knowledge is assumed about hardware or software technologies.

Upon the successful completion of this course, participants will be able to:

• Apply an up-to-date knowledge and skills of latest technology in synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) & dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM)
• Implement fiber optics technologies and explore SONET/SDH architectures & services
• Identify SONET frame format structure, payload, synchronization & timing and analyze SONET/SDH network element, architecture, topologies and configurations
• Practice span engineering and manage SONET/SDH networks & services and IP, ATM, WDM and DWDM integration
• List DWDM components and architecture and practice digital voice and plesiochronous digital hierarchy (PDH)
• Apply SONET/SDH protocols & concepts, path overhead and payload mappings
• Analyze SONET/SDH network elements & application, synchronization and multiplexing

This course is designed to provide a detailed knowledge on SONET/SDH/DWDM for telecommunications engineers, technical managers, consultants, communications professionals, software engineers, system engineers, network professionals, and IT professionals

This interactive training course includes the following training methodologies as a percentage of the total tuition hours:-

• 30% Lectures
• 30% Workshops & Work Presentations
• 20% Case Studies & Practical Exercises
• 20% Videos, Software & General Discussions

The course instructor may modify the above training methodology before or during the course for technical reasons with no prior notice to participants.

Day 1: Introduction

• Broadband Networks
• B-ISDN, ATM, and SONET/SDH
• Optical Networks
• Fiber Optic Fundamentals
• Access, Metro, Long Hual Networks
• SONET/SDH Overview
• Overview, Architectures and Services
• SONET/SDH in Cable Television & Broadcast Networks
• SONET/SDH in Enterprise Networks & LANs
• Convergence of Services
• Overview of SONET/SDH Structure & Formats
• Overview of SONET/SDH Products & Features
• Overview of SONET/SDH Networking
• Introduction to Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM)
• Overview of Fiber Optics Communications
• Fiber Optic Transmission
• Optical Fibers Structure
• Optical Amplifiers
• Light Sources and Transmitters
• Photodiodes and Receivers
• Optical Communication Systems
• Optical Components

SONET/SDH Architectures & Services

• Evolving CPE/ILEC/IXCs Infrastructure & Services
• Inter-Office & Core
• Networking with SONET/SDH
• SONET/SDH in the Feeder Section
• Loop
• Section & the Last Mile
• ADSL (Twisted Pair)
• HFC (Coax)
• FITL/FTTC/FTTH/FTTD (Fiber)
• Strategies for DWDM & SONET/SDH in the 21st Century

What are the Benefits of SONET/SDH?

• Pointers, MUX/ DEMUX
• Reduced Back-to-Back Multiplexing
• Optical Interconnect
• Multipoint Configurations
• Convergence, ATM, Video, and SONE/SDH
• Grooming
• Reduced Cabling and Elimination of DSX Panels
• Enhanced OAM&P
• Enhanced Performance Monitoring

Day 2: SDH/SONET Frame Format Structure

• STM-1 Building Block
• STM-1 Frame Structure
• STM-1 Envelope Capacity
• Synchronous Payload Envelope
• STM-N Frame Structure
• Overheads
• Section Overhead Line
• Overhead
• STM Path Overhead
• VC Path Overhead
• Pointers
• VC Mappings
• Concatenated Payloads
• Payload Pointers
• Positive Stuffing
• Negative Stuffing
• Virtual Tributaries
• DS1 Visibility
• VC

Superframe and Envelope Capacity

• VC Payload Capacity
• SDH Multiplexing

SONET/SDH Payloads

• Digital and Analog Transmission Standards
• Digital Hierarchy
• Origin of SONET/SDH
• Why SONET/SDH? Why DWDM and WDM?
• SONET/SDH Signal Format
• STS/OC
• STS-1 Frame
• SONET Payload Pointers
• STS-3 SPE
• STS-48 SPE
• Virtual Tributaries

SONET Synchronization and Timing

• Straturn Clock
• Plesiochronous Clock
• Overview of BITS

SONET/SDH Network Architecture

• Technical Advantages
• Redundancy
• Layers & Functions
• Network Path, Line, and Section
• Multiplexing Frame Structures/Formats
• Ring Configurations (Terminals, Drops, Inserts)
• Network Synchronization (Timing, Modes, Pointers, Issues)
• Applications & Services

SONET/SDH Network Elements

• Terminal Multiplexer
• Regenerator
• Add/Drop Multiplexer
• Digital Cross-Connects
• Digital Loop Carrier
• Protection and Survivability
• SONET Rings
• Element Managers

SONET/SDH Network Topologies and Configurations

• Point-to-Point
• Point-to-Multipoint
• Hub Architecture
• Ring Architecture

Day 3: Span Engineering

• Engineering a SONET/SDH and DWDM Link
• What are the Factors?
• Amplifier Power
• Amplifier spacing
• Fiber Types
• Channel Count and Bit Rate
• Channel Bit Rate
• Dispersion and Polarization
• Non-Linear Effects

Managing SONET/SDH Networks and Services

• Customer and Carrier Advantages
• OAM&P
• Multi-Vendor Interoperability and Management
• Routing
• Event Management
• Performance Management
• Integrated SONET/SDH Management
• Standards for Network and Service Management
• SONET Rings
• SONET/SDH Services

Introduction to DWDM

• Optical Networking and DWDM
• Optical Network Breakthroughs
• Special Fibers
• S, C and L Bands
• Optical Components
• Optical Spectral Filters and Gratings
• Optical Demultiplexers
• The Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA)
• The Tunable Laser Diode Operating at 1550 nm
• In-Fiber Bragg Grating
• Light Sources
• Optical Cross-Connects
• Optical Add-Drop Multiplexers
• DWDM and SONET

SONET/SDH, IP, ATM, WDM and DWDM Integration

• Interworking Issues and Challenges
• Protection and Restoration
• Network Management and Service Delivery
• Mapping IP on SONET
• MPLS/GMPLS
• QoS

DWDM Components and Architecture

• DWDM Anatomy
• DWDM Impairments
• DWDM Optical Amplifiers
• DWDM Filter Modules
• Wavelength Converters
• Integrated DWDM Modules
• Modal Effects
• Scattering Effects
• Miscellaneous Effects

Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) (Optional)

• Basic Rates
• Frame Structure
• Overhead Bytes
• STM-4, STM-16 and STM-64
• Tributary Units (TUs)
• SONET and SDH Compatibility

SDH Overhead

• Regenerator Section Overhead
• Multiplex Section Overhead
• Higher-Order Path Overhead (VC-4/VC-3)
• Lower-Order Path Overhead (VC-2/VC-1)
• SDH Anomalies, Defects, Failures, and Alarms
• SDH Error Performance Monitoring
• SDH Pointers
• Payload Pointers
• Positive Pointer Justification
• Negative Pointer Justification
• SDH Multiplexing
• SDH Tributary Multiplexing
• Tributary Unit Group
• TU Multiframe
• TU Payload Pointer
• Automatic Protection Switching
• Multiplex Section Protection, K1/K2 Bytes
• 1+1 Protection
• 1:N Protection

Day 4: Digital Voice and Plesiochronous

Digital Hierarchy (PDH)

• Digital Network Synchronization
• Network Timing and Synchronization Concepts
• PDH Relationships and Network Elements
• Frequency Justification
• Limitations of PDH

SONET/SDH: Protocols and Concepts

• Benefits and Features of SONET/SDH
• Evolution from PDH to SONET/SDH Plesiochronous Networks
• Building-Block Signals
• Unifying SONET and SDH
• Frame Structures
• Overhead Functions
• SONET/SDH Rates and Architectures
• Details of Pointer Processing
• Pointer Adjustment, Positive and Negative Justification
• Pointer Errors

SONET/SDH Path Overhead and Payload Mappings

• Compare and Contrast STS-1 SPE and AU-3
• Compare and Contrast STS-3c SPE and AU-4
• DS-3 Mapping into STS-1 SPE and VC-3
• E-4 Mapping into STS-3c SPE and VC-4 TUG-3 and TU-3
• Virtual Tributary / Tributary Unit Group
• Pointers and Payload Mappings
• Tandem Connections
• ATM Cell Mapping
• Packet over SONET Mapping
• 10G Ethernet over SONET
• Limitations of Octet HDLC in High Bit Error Ratio (BER) Environments
• Simplified Data Link (SDL) Protocol
  
  

SONET/SDH Network Elements and Applications

• Terminal Multiplexers (TMs)
• Functional Block Diagram of TMs
• Automatic Protection Switching (APS)
• APS Detail: ● Linear APS, 1+1, 1:n, 1:1, Bidirectional, and Unidirectional
• Revertive and Non-Revertive
• Meaning and Operation of K1 and K2 Bytes
• Add/Drop Multiplexers (ADMs) ●Functional Block Diagram of ADMs

Day 5: SONET/SDH Network Elements and Applications (cont’d)

• Types of Rings, Ring and Span APS
• UPSR and BLSR, MS-USHR, Virtual Rings, SNCP, MS-SP Ring, and MS-DP Ring
• Limitations of TDM Rings and Methods to Resolve Them
• Digital Cross-Connects (DCCs)
• The Role DCCs in Rings, Meshes, and Virtual Rings
• Next Generation Digital Loop Carrier (NGDLC)
• Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexers (DSLAMs)
  
  

SONET/SDH Interfaces on Switches and Routers

• Synchronizing SDH and SONET
• Evolution of Timing and Synchronization
• Virtual Container
• Regenerator Section Overhead
• Multiplex Section Overhead
• Higher-Order Path Overhead (VC-4/VC-3)
• Lower-Order Path Overhead (VC-2/VC-1)
• Anomalies, Defects, Failures, and Alarms
• Error Performance Monitoring
• Pointers
• Payload Pointers
• Psitive Pointer Justification
• Negative Pointer Justification
  
  

SONET/SDH Multiplexing

• SDH Tributary Multiplexing
• Tributary Unit Group TU Multiframe
• TU Payload Pointer Automatic Protection Switching
• Multiplex Section Protection, K1/K2 Bytes
• 1+1 Protection 1:N Protection
• SONET/SDH Telecommunications Standard Primer
• SONET/SDH Multiplexing
• SONET/SDH Signal Hierarchy
• Network Generic Applications
  
  

SONET/SDH Multiplexing (cont’d)

• Network Generic Applications: Equipment and Uses
• Cross-Connect Types
• Trends in Deployment
• Network Design
• SDH Timing Compensation
• SDH Network Management
• SDH Performance Monitoring
• SDH Synchronization

CDGA attendance certificate will be issued to all attendees completing minimum of 80% of the total course duration.