By the end of the course, delegates will:
1. Understand the principles and operation of current transformers (CTs) and voltage transformers (VTs).
2. Be able to identify the different types of instrument transformers and their specific applications.
3. Understand the measurement of electrical quantities using instrument transformers.
4. Develop the skills to troubleshoot and maintain CTs and VTs.
5. Learn the safety standards and guidelines associated with using instrument transformers.
6. Gain practical experience through hands-on demonstrations and case studies.

1. Electrical Engineers.
2. Power Systems Engineers.
3. Protection and Control Engineers.
4. Substation Engineers.
5. Testing and Calibration Engineers.
6. Design Engineers.

Prerequisites:
• Basic understanding of electrical circuits and systems.
• Familiarity with fundamental electrical concepts (e.g., voltage, current, resistance, power).
• Some prior knowledge of electrical safety practices.

This Training will be highly interactive with opportunities to advance your opinions and ideas and will include:
• Lectures
• Workshop & Work Presentation
• Case Studies and Practical Exercise
• Videos and General Discussions

Introduction to Instrument Transformers
o Overview of Instrument Transformers (ITs).
o The role of CTs and VTs in electrical measurement and protection systems.
o Key differences between instrument transformers and power transformers.
o Importance of accuracy, ratio, and burden in ITs.
o Historical context and development of instrument transformers.
o Introduction to the core construction, winding designs, and types of instrument transformers.
o Overview of CT and VT specifications: rated voltage, current, burden, accuracy class.

Current Transformers (CTs) – Principles and Applications
o Working principle of current transformers.
o Basic construction of CTs: Core types, winding arrangements, and ratings.
o Types of CTs: Window-type, bar-type, and clamp-on.
o Measurement of current using CTs and their applications in metering and protection.
o CT accuracy and burden: Defining ratio, accuracy class, and the impact on system performance.

o CT saturation and its effect on measurement accuracy.
o Practical applications of CTs in power systems and industrial settings.

Voltage Transformers (VTs) – Principles and Applications
o Working principle of voltage transformers.
o Construction and operation of VTs: Magnetic core, primary and secondary windings.
o Types of VTs: Electromagnetic and capacitive types.
o Measurement of voltage using VTs and their role in metering and protection.
o VT accuracy: Accuracy class, burden, and voltage ratio.
o Effect of load impedance on voltage transformer performance.
o Practical applications of VTs in power systems and electrical protection.

Instrument Transformer Characteristics and Performance
o Measuring errors and their sources: Burden, ratio errors, phase errors.
o Accuracy classes: Definition, standards, and classifications (e.g., Class 0.2S, Class 1.0).
o Rated burden and the importance of proper selection for system accuracy.
o Practical considerations in selecting CTs and VTs for a specific application.
o Testing instrument transformers: Test methods for current and voltage transformers.
o Evaluation of performance characteristics using manufacturer datasheets.
o Transient performance of CTs.

Design, Installation, and Maintenance of Instrument Transformers
o Design considerations for instrument transformers: Material selection, core design, and winding configurations.
o Proper installation practices: Mounting, wiring, and grounding of CTs and VTs.
o Impact of temperature, humidity, and other environmental factors on transformer performance.
o Regular maintenance tasks: Inspection, cleaning, and calibration of instrument transformers.
o Identifying faults and troubleshooting common issues in CTs and VTs.
o Testing procedures for functional integrity and accuracy.

Safety Standards and Guidelines for Instrument Transformers
o Electrical safety standards for instrument transformers: IEC, ANSI, and other relevant codes.
o Proper handling and installation techniques to ensure safety.
o Understanding the importance of primary and secondary isolation in preventing electric shocks.
o Common hazards associated with instrument transformers: Over-voltage, over-current, and insulation failures.
o Safety devices and protective measures: Fuses, circuit breakers, and grounding.
o Emergency response protocols for transformer malfunctions and failures.

Case Studies and Applications of Instrument Transformers
o Case study 1: Application of CTs and VTs in a power distribution network.
o Case study 2: Instrument transformers in industrial settings and process automation.
o Application of CTs and VTs in metering and billing systems.
o Case study 3: Role of instrument transformers in protection schemes (e.g., differential protection, overcurrent protection).
o Real-world issues and challenges faced by engineers when dealing with instrument transformers.
o Discussion of recent technological advancements in CT and VT designs (e.g., digital instrument transformers).

Troubleshooting, Calibration, and Final Assessment
o Advanced troubleshooting techniques for CTs and VTs.
o Calibration methods for maintaining accurate measurements and compliance with standards.
o Hands-on demonstration: Troubleshooting common faults in CTs and VTs.
o Final review of course content.
o Comprehensive exam: Combination of theoretical questions and practical exercises.
o Q&A session and course wrap-up.

CDGA attendance certificate will be issued to all attendees completing minimum of 80% of the total course duration.