• Substation construction, installation, and operation
• Power system protection
• Substation equipment selection and specifications
• Substation automation
• Substation earthing systems

At the end of this CDGA training seminar, you will learn how to:

• Determine the location and busbar configuration of a typical substation
• Propose specifications for major substation equipment
• Create single line, layout, and schematics diagrams
• Select fit-for-the-purpose protection relays and other related devices
• Calculate fault levels and loadings of feeders and branches
• Analyze protection logics and coordination between protection devices

We encourage the staff involved in the operation, planning, design, and maintenance of power systems to attend this training course.

This BTS training course is suitable to a wide range of professionals but will greatly benefit:

• Project Engineers / Managers
• Electrical Engineers / Technicians
• System Operators
• Design Engineers
• Asset Engineers / Managers
• Planning Engineers / Managers
• Protection, Instrumentation, and Commissioning Engineers / Technicians

DAY 1

Role of Substations in Power Networks

• Power System Principles & Circuit Analysis
• Complex Numbers and Engineering Math
• Substation Types
• Substation Drawings and Diagrams (SLD, Layout, Schematics, Auxiliary AC & DC)
• Substation Main Components
• Substation Location
• Soil Parameters and Calculations
• Substation Busbar Configuration
• Substation Voltage Selection
• Environmental issues in the location of a switchyard and mitigation techniques
  

DAY 2

Substation Major Equipment

• Circuit Breaker Types & Applications
• Switchgear Types, Components, and Applications
• Auto-reclosers
• Sectionalizers
• Disconnect Switches
• RMU’s
• Earthing Switches
• SF6 Properties
• GIS Substations
• HV Cables Types & Calculations
• Power & Distribution Transformers
• Batteries & Battery Chargers
• Power Conditioner

DAY 3

Substation Studies & Calculations

• Power System Studies
• Power System Planning
• Substation Load Studies
• Per Unit System
• Fault Calculations
• Switchyard Lightning Protection
• Instrument Transformers (CT’s & VT’s)
• Earthing Systems

DAY 4

Substation Protection & Control

• Power System Studies
• Power System Planning
• Protection Zones, Local & Backup Protection
• Sequence Networks
• Fuse Types, Applications, Selection, and Coordination
• Protection Relay Types and Functions
• Protection Relaying Technology
• Overcurrent Protection
• Earth Fault Protection
• IDMT O/C & E/F Protection
• Definite Time (DT) Protection
• High-set Instantaneous Protection
• Transient Overreach
• Transformer O/C and E/F Protection
• Transformer Unit Protection (REF and Diff)
• Buchholz & Pressure Relief
• Transformer Differential Protection Complexities & Solutions
• Interposing CT’s
• Transformer-feeder Protection Schemes

DAY 5

Substation Safety Issues

• Ungrounded vs. Grounded Systems
• Touch & Step Voltages, Mesh Voltage
• Earth Potential Rise (EPR), Transferred Voltages
• Soil Resistivity
• Verification of Adequacy
• Lightning Protection Techniques (rolling spheres, cone of protection)
• Embedded Generation
• Power Factor Compensation (PFC)
• Power Quality (harmonics, voltage flicker)
• Clearance Distances

CDGA attendance certificate will be issued to all attendees completing a minimum of 80% of the total course duration.